WORLD WAR II • 1939–1945 ✧ SMUGGLED

A City of Ashes and Song

Krystyna Nowak (age 23)
Jan Nowak (age 26)
1944-08-15 2 min read Warsaw Uprising Warsaw, Poland
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Warsaw, Poland • 1944-08-15
Krystyna Nowak
to Jan Nowak

Dear Jan,

I am writing this in a cellar on Wolska Street, with rubble in my hair and dust in my throat, and I know — I know — that this letter may never reach you. But I have to write it anyway. The courier who will carry it out of the city is waiting, and I must make every word count.

It is the fifteenth day of the uprising. I have stopped counting the number of wounded I have treated. I have stopped counting the dead. There is a child, maybe seven years old, whom I bandaged this morning — a piece of shrapnel caught her arm while she was fetching water from a courtyard well. She did not cry. She looked at me with eyes that have seen too much, and she said, “Thank you, Pani.” Jan, a seven-year-old child thanking me for bandaging her while the city burns.

The Germans are in the buildings across the street. We trade fire through windows. Below us, in the next cellar, I can hear people singing. A woman’s voice, clear and true, rising through the cracks in the floorboards. They are singing a lullaby. Even now, in the middle of all this, a mother is singing her child to sleep.

This city is made not of bricks but of the will of its people.

Jan, I know you would be doing the same if you were here. I know it because you taught me what courage looks like. I remember the winter we went sledding on Krakowskie Przedmieście, how you let me go first and then ran behind me shouting with laughter. I remember Mother’s pierogi, the ones she made for Christmas, the smell of them filling the whole flat. I remember Father lifting us onto his shoulders so we could see the parade.

If I don’t survive, you must tell them. Tell everyone. That Warsaw fought. That we were here. We did not go quietly into the dark. We fought with our hands and our teeth and our hearts, and we made them pay for every brick of this city.

Take care of yourself, Jan. Live. Remember me when the chestnuts bloom.

Your sister, Krystyna

Warszawa walczyła. Byliśmy tutaj. Miasto powstanie z popiołów, jak feniks.

— Original Polish —

Warszawa walczyła. Byliśmy tutaj. Miasto powstanie z popiołów, jak feniks.

K
Krystyna Nowak About the author

Krystyna Nowak was born 1921 in Warsaw. Before the war she was a student of medicine at Warsaw University, one of the first women admitted to the program. She joined the ZWZ (Union of Armed Struggle) in 1940, became a Home Army courier in 1942, smuggling documents and messages across Occupied Poland. During the Warsaw Uprising she served as both a medic and a front-line fighter in the Wola district.

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Source: Inspired by accounts at the Warsaw Uprising Museum and letters published in 'The Warsaw Rising: The 63 Days of Hell.'

What Happened

Krystyna was killed September 12, 1944 during a German assault on the Wola district. She was hit by shrapnel while pulling a wounded fighter to cover. Age 23. Initially buried in a garden grave, exhumed 1946 and buried at Powązki Military Cemetery. The letter was smuggled out of the city by a Home Army courier who reached Kraków. From there it was sent via Red Cross to the POW camp — it arrived Oct 1945 after the war ended.

Aftermath

Jan received the letter October 1945 at a displaced persons camp in Germany. He had been a POW since 1939 (captured in the September Campaign). He learned of Krystyna's death and the destruction of Warsaw from the same letter. He emigrated to Canada in 1947. Became a journalist for Polish- language press. Married, 3 children. Died 2005 at 87. The letter was donated to the Warsaw Uprising Museum in 2006.

Historical Context

Warsaw Uprising (Aug 1 - Oct 2, 1944) — 63-day struggle by Polish Home Army to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. 200,000 Poles killed, mostly civilians. Nazis destroyed 85% of the city in retaliation. The Red Army halted at the Vistula River, letting the Germans destroy the Polish resistance. The uprising was the single largest resistance operation in WWII. Smuggled letters were one of the few ways to communicate with the outside world.
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Timeline

1939-09-01

Nazi Germany invades Poland. Jan is captured and sent to Stalag VIII-B.

1940-05-15

Krystyna joins the ZWZ (Union of Armed Struggle) in secret.

1942-02-10

Krystyna becomes a Home Army courier, smuggling documents across Occupied Poland.

1944-08-01

Warsaw Uprising begins at 17:00 (W-Hour). Krystyna serves as medic in Wola district.

1944-08-15

Krystyna writes this letter in a cellar during a lull in the fighting.

1944-09-12

Krystyna is killed by shrapnel while pulling a wounded fighter to cover.

1944-10-02

Warsaw Uprising surrenders. The city is systematically destroyed.

1945-10-15

Jan receives the letter at a displaced persons camp in Germany.

2006-05-01

Jan's family donates the letter to the Warsaw Uprising Museum.

Origin