WORLD WAR I • 1914–1918 ✧ DELIVERED

For This Soil, For Home

Mehmet Çavuş (age 27)
Ayşe Hanım (age 22)
1915-05-19 3 min read Gallipoli Campaign Gallipoli Peninsula, Çanakkale
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Gallipoli Peninsula, Çanakkale • 1915-05-19
Mehmet Çavuş
to Ayşe Hanım

My beloved Ayşe,

The night is quiet now, which is strange. All day we charged the enemy lines on the ridge — wave after wave, over the bodies of our brothers. Our commander, Kemal Bey, stood in the open under the enemy’s fire and shouted to us: “I do not order you to fight — I order you to die.” And we did not hesitate. We died. But we held the ground.

The enemy ships are still out there on the sea. I can see their lights from here, tiny pinpricks on the water, like the stars reflected in the Sakarya River on a summer night. They are so far from home, these men, just as we are. I do not hate them, Ayşe. They are farmers and shopkeepers and boys who have never been away from their mothers before. I see them fall and I think: someone in a distant land will receive a letter just like this one.

Tonight I carried a wounded officer to the medic. He was an Australian — barely twenty, fair-haired. He looked at me and said something I could not understand. But his eyes said everything. He was afraid. He wanted his mother. We are the same, all of us, when the bullets fly.

Bugün bu toprak için, evimiz için savaşıyoruz. Onlar da bizim gibi evlerinden uzakta. Ama bu toprak bizim.

(Today we fight for this soil, for our home. They too are far from their homes, like us. But this soil is ours.)

Kemal Bey is a lion among men. He walks among us as if the bullets cannot touch him. Perhaps they cannot. When he speaks, the men listen. When he commands, we follow. I would die for him. I almost have, today, twice.

I remember the wheat harvest last summer. The golden fields stretching to the hills. The smell of fresh bread from your hands. The call to prayer echoing across the valley at dusk. I close my eyes and I am there, lying in the tall grass, your head on my chest, the whole world peaceful and good.

Do not worry for me, my heart. We fight not for empire or for sultan, but for this soil, for home, for you. When this is over — and it will end, all wars end — I will come back to you. I will walk through the door and I will hold you and I will never leave again.

Until then, my love, my life — wait for me.

Your Mehmet

The letter is written in Ottoman Turkish in a careful, disciplined hand. Heavy red ink censors' stamps cover several passages — whole sentences have been painted over by Ottoman military censors. The paper is coarse, the ink faded to brown.

— Original Ottoman Turkish —

Bu toprak için, evimiz için savaşıyoruz. Onlar da bizim gibi evlerinden uzakta. Ama bu toprak bizim, atalarımızın kanıyla sulanmış. Allah vatanımızı korusun.

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What Happened

Mehmet Çavuş survived Gallipoli. He fought through the entire campaign — from the first landing on April 25 to the final Allied evacuation in January 1916. He was wounded twice, once by shrapnel in the shoulder and once by a bullet that grazed his ribs. He was then transferred to the Caucasus Front in 1916, where he was severely wounded at the Battle of Erzurum in February 1916. He was captured by Russian forces and spent the remainder of the war as a prisoner of war in a camp near Krasnoyarsk, Siberia. After the Russian Revolution, he escaped and walked — walked — from Siberia back to Anatolia, a journey of nearly 5,000 kilometres that took him two years. He arrived in Eskişehir in 1920, emaciated and unrecognisable, but alive. He fought in the Turkish War of Independence (1920–23). He and Ayşe had six children. He died in 1962 at the age of 74, a respected village elder, and was buried on the hill overlooking the valley where he grew up.

Aftermath

Ayşe Hanım kept Mehmet's letters — seven in total — in a wooden chest under her bed. The chest also held a torn piece of his uniform, a spent bullet he had sent home as a souvenir, and a photograph of him in his regiment's uniform with the crescent and star on his fez. Mehmet never spoke of the war. When asked, he would point to the medals in the chest and say nothing. After Ayşe's death in 1974, the chest passed to their eldest son, and then to a granddaughter who discovered the letters in 1995. She donated them to the Çanakkale Epic Museum in 2000, where they are displayed as part of the "Letters from the Front" exhibition. Mehmet's story is told in the museum's permanent collection and featured in the documentary 'Sons of the Soil' (2015).

Historical Context

The Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers in November 1914. The Gallipoli Campaign (February 1915 – January 1916) was an Allied attempt to force the Dardanelles Strait, capture Constantinople, and knock the Ottomans out of the war. The Turkish 57th Infantry Regiment — Mehmet's regiment — was part of Mustafa Kemal's 19th Division. On April 25, 1915, the day of the Allied landings, Kemal gave his legendary order to the 57th: "I do not order you to attack, I order you to die. In the time it takes us to die, other troops and commanders can take our place." The 57th was annihilated in the fighting — nearly every man was killed or wounded — but they held the line. The Ottoman victory at Gallipoli was a turning point in the war and a source of immense national pride. It also launched Mustafa Kemal's career, leading ultimately to the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. Approximately 86,000 Ottoman soldiers died in the campaign.
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Timeline

1914-10-29

Ottoman Empire enters the war. Mehmet is called up from his village near Eskişehir.

1915-04-25

Allied forces land at Gallipoli. The 57th Regiment is ordered to hold the high ground at all costs.

1915-05-19

The great Turkish counterattack at Anzac Cove. Thousands of Turkish soldiers die. Mehmet writes this letter at night.

1916-01-09

The last Allied troops evacuate Gallipoli. Ottoman victory. Mehmet has survived.

1916-02-11

Mehmet is transferred to the Caucasus Front. The Battle of Erzurum is raging.

1916-06-01

Mehmet is captured by Russian forces near Erzurum. He is sent to a POW camp in Siberia.

1918-11-11

Armistice is signed. Mehmet is still a prisoner in Siberia.

1920-09-01

After a two-year journey across Russia and the Caucasus, Mehmet arrives home in Eskişehir. Ayşe does not recognise him at first.

1921-08-23

Mehmet fights in the Battle of Sakarya, the turning point of the Turkish War of Independence.

1923-10-29

The Republic of Turkey is proclaimed. Mehmet and Ayşe watch the celebrations from their village.

1962-11-15

Mehmet dies in his sleep. He is buried on the hill above his village, facing east toward Çanakkale.

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